NHU CẦU DINH DƯỠNG CỦA CÂY CÀ PHÊ TRONG QUÁ TRÌNH PHÁT TRIỂN

Source: NHU CẦU DINH DƯỠNG CỦA CÂY CÀ PHÊ TRONG QUÁ TRÌNH PHÁT TRIỂN

Coffee is a perennial industrial crop widely grown in many areas of our country, especially the Central Highlands provinces. High economic value should be chosen as the main income of farmers. However, in order for coffee to grow green, it must provide all the necessary nutrients for the plant. However, at present, there are still many people who do not fully understand about Nutritional needs of coffee plants How is it reasonable? Please read the content below, Bio Sacotec will guide specifically each important micronutrient for coffee plants!

Supplement with enough nutrients for strong growth and high quality coffee trees, especially in the harvest season

See also: rot disease causing yellowing of coffee leaves

Protein element is very necessary in the nutritional needs of coffee plants

The role of protein

• Nitrogen is absorbed by plant roots in the form of NH4+ and NO3-, which is the basic component involved in the formation of amino acids and proteins.
• Nitrogen is the driving force for coffee growth, including yield formation.
• Nitrogen contributes to yield from 32.6-49.4%.
• Providing an adequate amount of nitrogen will help the plant absorb other substances better, especially potassium.

Symptoms of protein deficiency

Plant growth is poor, unbalanced, old leaves turn yellow first. In case of severe nitrogen deficiency, the whole plant turns yellow. This factor, when people observe and detect by eye, the nitrogen content (N) in the leaves is from 1.3 to 1.8%.

Symptoms of excess nitrogen in coffee plants

Technically correct method of protein supplementation

Apply adequate, balanced nitrogen according to the level that the plant needs depending on each growth stage, especially in the harvest season. In case of quick treatment of nitrogen deficiency symptoms, 0.1-0.3% urea solution or ammonium sulphate fertilizer solution (SA) with a concentration of 0.3-0.5% can be sprayed 2-3 times. 15-20 days apart. Then, people should fertilize the soil with more nitrogen so that the roots can absorb nutrients from it.

Composition of Phosphorus (P)

The Necessity of Phosphorus

• Phosphorus makes growing the root system easy and quick, especially when the coffee plants are young.
• Phosphorus helps the process of pollination, fertilization and better fruit set, helps the plant to store starch, along with potassium to increase the resistance of the plant.
• Phosphorus contributes to the yield from 7.8-8.6%.

Symptoms of phosphorus deficiency

Appears on old leaves and in fruiting branches. The leaves are bright yellow at first, then turn dark red or reddish-brown with purple, sometimes blood-tinged. Plants show symptoms of phosphorus deficiency when the P2O5 content in leaves is from 0.05 to 0.08%.

Symptoms of plants with phosphorus deficiency

How to effectively add phosphorus

• Apply phosphorus for plants as recommended.
• In case of severe deficiency, potassium phosphate compounds (KH2PO4 or K2HPO4) can be used with a concentration of 0.3 – 0.4% to spray twice. The time of phosphate fertilizer for coffee trees is 20-30 days apart to quickly cure this symptom.

Ingredients Potassium (K)

Benefits of Potassium for coffee plants

• Potassium participates in the activity of more than 60 enzymes, helping to form and transport carbohydrates; Involved in the synthesis of proteins and organic compounds in plants.
• Potassium increases water absorption, helps plants increase drought tolerance, cold tolerance and salt tolerance.
• Potassium has the effect of reducing the rate of fruit drop, increasing the weight of the kernel, thus increasing the commercial value, and also making the tree less susceptible to pests and diseases because potassium has the effect of making the tree sturdy.
• Potassium contributes to yield from 27.4-44.7%.

Symptoms of coffee deficiency

• Appears on old leaves, on branches bearing many fruits. Brown streaks usually appear on the edges of the leaves, then gradually spread into the middle of the leaf blade, and finally the leaves fall.
• If the coffee tree bears fruit, the fruit will fall a lot, the rind is gray-brown, when ripe, the fruit is yellow-red-brown, dry and not succulent; color is not fresh, kernel is smaller than usual.
• When coffee trees are deficient in potassium, when visually detected, the potassium (K2O) content in the leaves is from 1.2 to 1.5%.

Symptoms of potassium (K) deficiency of coffee plants

Prevention and treatment of plant nutrient deficiency in the garden

• Apply the full amount of potassium according to the needs of the plant based on the soil characteristics of each region and the yield.
• KH2PO4 or K2HPO4 or KNO3 can be used with a concentration of 0.3 – 0.4 % to spray coffee 2 times, 20-30 days apart to quickly cure this symptom.

Composition Sulfur (S)

Effect of sulfur

• Sulfur participates in the formation of chloridephyl which is an important component of chlorophyll in the synthesis of organic compounds by the energy of sunlight.
• Sulfur participates in the synthesis of 3 amino acids to form proteins, activate enzymes, synthesize vitamins.
• In particular, it participates in the formation of aromatic compounds for coffee beans, enhancing the drought and heat tolerance of coffee.

Symptoms of sulfur deficiency

• Appears on the young leaves on the apex. Leaves are yellow or white, heavy leaves may be slightly smaller than normal.
• The phenomenon of sulfur deficiency often occurs in coffee gardens with basic construction at the end of the dry season or the beginning of the rainy season.
• Coffee plants are deficient in sulfur when the S content in leaves is from 0.06 to 0.09%.

Symptoms of plants needing sulfur (S) supplementation

Treatment:

• Apply a fertilizer containing sulfur base like SA every year.
• Use SA solution with a concentration of 0.3 – 0.5% sprayed 2 times 15-20 days apart to overcome the symptoms of sulfur deficiency for coffee. It is also possible to use foliar fertilizers containing S to spray coffee to prevent this phenomenon.

Ingredients Calcium (Ca)

The role of calcium

Calcium participates mainly in cell structure, increases the tolerance of aluminum and manganese toxicity of plants.

Calcium deficiency

Appears mainly on old leaves. At first, it has a light yellow color that gradually spreads from the main vein to the edge of the leaf, then turns to silvery white (including the leaf veins). Coffee plants lack calcium, the Ca content in leaves fluctuates in the range of 0.30 – 0.45%.

Treatment:

• Lime can be applied at a dose of 500-700 kg/ha, once every 1-2 years.
• Apply dolomite powder, the amount is from 2,000-2,500kg/ha.
• Do not apply potassium too high compared to nitrogen.

Ingredients Magnesium (Mg)

The effect of magnesium

• Magnesium is the main ingredient in chlorophyll, which is the solar powerhouse for the synthesis of organic matter through photosynthesis.
• Magnesium is also involved in the enzymatic reactions involved in the energy metabolism of the plant.

Magnesium deficiency

• Appears in old leaves, yellow starts from the main vein, then gradually spreads to the edge of the leaf.
• Along the main and minor tendons are remaining dark blue streaks creating a blue herringbone shape on a yellow background. Mg-deficient coffee plants, the Mg content in the leaves ranges from 0.15 to 0.25%.

Treatment:

• Fused phosphate fertilizer is a form of Mg supply for coffee plants.
• The fastest cure is to spray magnesium nitrate (Mg(NO3)2) or magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) with a concentration of 0.2 – 0.4% from 2 to 3 times, spaced 15 – 20 days apart.
• Do not apply potassium in too high a dose.

Some microbial organic fertilizer products provide full nutrients and flower simultaneously:

Composition Zinc (Zn)

The effect of zinc in the growth of coffee plants

• Zinc increases drought tolerance, heat tolerance, promotes the use and metabolism of nitrogen and phosphorus in plants.
• Zinc greatly determines the process of flower sprout differentiation, pollination, fertilization and fruit set.

Symptoms of zinc deficiency

• Young leaves at the top are small, lance shaped, when they are heavy, they curl up; short burning (commonly called neck retraction).
• Coffee plants lacking Zn will affect flower sprout differentiation, limit pollination and fertilization, and have a very high fruit drop rate, sometimes up to 70-90%; dry branches.
• The need for zinc in leaves is usually around 5-8 ppm.

How to add element Zinc

• Spray a solution of zinc sulphate (ZnSO4.7H2O) with a concentration of 0.2 – 0.4% in June, July and July twice 20-25 days apart. This remedy works quickly.
• It is possible to fertilize the soil with an amount of 20 – 30 kg of ZnSO4.7H2O/ha.
• Do not apply phosphorus too high for coffee for many years.

Boron component (B)

The need for the element Bo

• Bo helps the plant to increase the number of nodes, the number of stored branches, and the number of flower buds.
• Bo also has the effect of stimulating the germination of pollen grains, the growth of pollen sacs, helping to facilitate the fruit formation process.

Boron deficiency symptoms

• Coffee leaves are smaller and shorter, leaf margins are not normal, top buds are dry, horizontal branches are dead.
• The phenomenon of secondary branches growing in clusters with fan shape.
• Plants with a deficiency of boron have a B content in leaves about 15-25 ppm.

Provide adequate nutrients for plants, especially during the business period

See more: HIGH EFFICIENCY OF COFFEE GARDEN CARE TECHNIQUES AFTER HARRATING

Add boron for plants

• Spray 0.4% borax, or 0.3% boric acid (H3BO3) 2 times 20-25 days apart for quick results.
• Apply 10 – 15 kg of Borax/ha to provide Bo for coffee.

A few things to watch out for:

• The phenomenon of deficiency of elements N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B … for coffee plants is not only due to the lack of fertilizers containing these components but also due to a serious imbalance between the nutritional elements. nursing.
• In case of too high nitrogen fertilization, the coffee plant cannot absorb potassium, so it leads to the phenomenon of potassium deficiency. Or sometimes applying nitrogen with high amounts for many years continuously causes soil acidity, high mobile aluminum content in the soil, inhibits nutrient absorption by the root system or causes hairy root rot, leading to nutritional deficiencies for plants. tree.
• Based on the nutritional regime in each stage, coffee plants show specific symptoms. For example, when coffee plants suffer from root disease during the rapid fruit growth stage, the symptoms of potassium deficiency will show up first, or on the tree, many symptoms will appear at the same time. High potassium fertilizer is not balanced with protein, coffee is likely to be deficient in calcium or magnesium. High phosphorus fertilizer, coffee is not able to absorb zinc. High fused phosphorus fertilizer makes plants susceptible to potassium deficiency, boron deficiency, etc..

In addition to adequate nutrition, it is necessary to combine the prevention of coffee pests and diseases

See also: WATER CYCLE AND TECHNIQUES FOR COFFEE PLANTS THAT BRING HIGH ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY

Through the above article, Bio Sacotec has fully introduced the status of symptoms of excess and lack of nutrients necessary for the growth of coffee plants. Hope you can properly apply the above principles to take care of plants effectively during production and cultivation. If you have any questions, please contact us immediately! Happy successful people!

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